Studies on The Production of Crackle Finished Leather

The Art of Crackle Finish Leather

Crackle finish is an interesting finish that gives the appearance of age on the surface of painted pieces. This finish uses a commercial product and requires two colors of paint – one for the undertones and the other for the top.

A crackle finish, method of forming a crackle finish and a kit for forming a crackle finish. The crackle finish includes a base coat of latex paint or stain on a surface to be treated. A crackle coating is applied over the base coat and dried to tack dry or completely dried. A latex wood filler is applied over the crackle medium. As the latex wood filler dries, it forms islands or domains separated by cracks or valleys revealing glimpses of the underlying base coat.

A crackle glaze or varnish is a finish which creates a crackled effect. Many people use crackle glazes for antiquing, because peeling, crackled paint has an old-fashioned look which goes especially well with restored furniture. Crackle glazes can be used on a wide range of things including pottery, furniture, picture frames, and even walls. A number of craft stores sell materials for crackle glazing, and you can also accomplish the effect with a few supplies you probably already have around the house.

Crackle Finish- The Basic Techniques:

When a crackle finish is made, one color is laid down as a base coat and allowed to dry before a crackling medium is painted over it. Once this medium dries, another coat of color is applied, and cracks and peels start to appear almost immediately. To seal a crackle glaze, a clear varnish or polyurethane sealer can be used. This sealer also halts the crackling process so that the second layer of color doesn't flake off entirely.

The crackle glaze effect is sometimes called craqueleure, and in fine art, it is sometimes used as a tool to date artworks and establish their provenance. Forgers spend lifetimes mastering the art of a properly crackled final layer of paint in the hopes that their works will pass muster by art inspectors; a dedicated forger may infuse a craqueleure with dust and particulates from an old piece of art from the right region in case an art inspector decides to chemically analyze the finish.

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Studies on The Production of Football Leather from Cow Hide

Football Leather - All You Need to Know

Modern worldwide leather market is now a days very fond of football leather. Finished leather is also an intermediate product. Which serves as a raw material for finished leather is therefore, fashion driven, requiring more responsiveness to the market, whereas crust leather is more a commodity type product. Since 1990-91, Bangladesh have started exporting footwear and other leather goods. Bangladesh currently export leather footwear to Europe and Japan.

Leathers used for footballs are mainly chrome tanned leathers that have not been retanned or only lightly retanned in thickness of 2.5 – 3.0 mm. But generally ‘Football leather’ is not used for footballs  exclusively as it’s name might imply, but it is used for making the outer coverings for the football, the volleyball, the water polo ball, the rugby ball and many other balls of a similar nature.

Characteristic Properties of Football Leather :

1. Football leather must have high degree of resistance to the penetration of water. (great extent of water repellency)
2. It should have high tensile strength.
3. It should have high stitch tear strength.
4. It should be non-stretchy.
5. It should be non-elastic.
6. It should have good abrasive resistance.
7. It should have perfect fastness properties.
8. Its fibre structure should have low angle of weave.
9. The void space of the leather should be reduced filling with hard materials and its capillary action should be minimum.
10. It should have tightness and its elongation must not be more than 4%.
11. It should be thick (i.e. 2.1 mm-2.3 mm)
12. It should be resistant on inert in acid alkaline medium.

Principles of Football Leather Production

The Thick butt portion of cow hides are taken for making football leather. To get various desirable physical properties special care should be taken from soaking to finishing during manufacture.

Proper soaking is done with preservative. Liming is accomplished in such a way that less interfibrillary substances are removed. (i.e. Sharp liming). For high strength properties excessive swelling and splitting of the pelt should be avoided. Delimiting is done just after fleshing and without batting it is pickled.

For high strength and low stretchiness, it is tanned with high percentage of unmasked chrome and properly rechroming is done with chrome syntan to get more fullness. It is neutralized with Sodium (Na) or Potassium (K)-salts of organic acid for non-stretchiness and inertness.

Water-proofing fat liquor is used in fatliquoring with raw oil of high viscosity. After fat liquoring, chrome caping operation will be done with self basifying chrome. It is dyed with full penetrative dye. Then it is finally dried under maximum stretched condition in all direction. In finishing surface of football leather should be coated with water proofing agent in a thin finish film.

As production capacity in finished leather and leather goods is developed in Bangladesh, new jobs will be acquired, and markets will be accessed. In standard quality specification, thickness of football leather is min. 2mm. The Europe, Australian and Indian cow hides are generally thick. So, it is easier to keep the thickness 2mm. But in our country’s cow hide quality is not good for many reasons.

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Production Procedure of Men's Shoulder Bag

Till date women were recognized with the tag of most ordered beings on the planet but, now men are also queuing up for this distinction. Like women, men also want to carry their stuff in an organized manner. From cell phones to laptops, they want to keep everything in the most organized manner; hence, many companies have introduced lines of amazing men’s shoulder bag. Made of various materials, these bags are wonderfully meeting with their demands.

Any man of fashion knows that bags have become a necessary tool and style accessory. No longer seen as solely a woman’s item, men’s bags are masculine, attractive and ideal additions to any contemporary wardrobe. If you would like to dabble in the wide world of men's shoulder bag, but don’t quite know which one would suit your needs best, heed this advice: Stick with a classic type of men's shoulder bag, and you can’t go wrong.

Professionals looking for ways in which to carry necessary items in a compact and organized manner will find these bags to be the perfect answer to their prayers. The polished black colors of these bags are an additional bonus as they go so very well with a corporate image.

Leather Crafting : A Millennia Old Art

From the very beginning of human civilization, we’ve a quite tight relationship with leather and leather crafting. Primitive men used it for protecting their body from harsh weather. As we developed our living standards, we’ve also bring some changes in the way how we use animal skin and where to use them. Archaeologists found many leather goods in Egyptian tombs dated back to 1300BC! Leather was a symbol a social status in many civilizations like- Egyptians, Greeks and Romans.

A huge change have been introduced in the trend of both manufacturing and fashion. Automated machines get involved in every steps of leather processing as well as creating the final products. But, there's still a competitive popularity of the craftsmanship in the creation of master pieces using leather.

There's a big demand of hand crafted leather goods in the world market and we have all the resources available to dominate the market. All it needs is a open mind with lots of imagination.