Over the last 40 years there has been a major change in soling materials used in the Footwear trade. Leather has been the traditional soling material for Footwear. But in 1980 only about 5% of shoes have leather soles. Nowadays most soles are made of rubber or plastics which are classed as synthetic soling materials. So new types of soling needs new types of adhesion method or technique with different types of upper materials.
The scientific study of adhesion is quite new and its name, Zygology, is scarcely known. Zygology is the science of joining things which includes the study of adhesion and of welding, riveting and all forms of mechanical jointing. It includes the principle of -
Specific Adhesion: It gives a chemical bond between the adhesive and the surfaces being joined. The adhesive, therefore, does not have to penetrate the material but is bonded to the material by chemical action.
Mechanical Adhesion: It gives a physical bond which the adhesive `keys' in to the fibers or structures of the material to be bonded.
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